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Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 208-215 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0922-5

摘要： Immune therapy has become the fourth approach after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Many immune checkpoints were identified in the last decade since ipilimumab, which is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The use of several antibody drugs that target PD1/PD-L1 for various cancer treatments has been approved by the FDA. However, fewer people are benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancers. Approximately 80% of patients do not respond appropriately because of primary or acquired therapeutic resistance. Along with the characterization of more immune checkpoints, the combinatory treatment of multi-immune checkpoint inhibitors becomes a new option when monotherapy could not receive a good response. In this work, the author focuses on the combination therapy of multiple immune checkpoints (does not include targeted therapy of oncogenes or chemotherapy), introduces the current progression of multiple immune checkpoints and their related inhibitors, and discusses the advantages of combination therapy, as well as the risk of immune-related adverse events.

关键词： immune checkpoints multi-target immune escape immune-related adverse events combination therapy

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基于并行处理机制的多基地雷达多目标跟踪算法

徐洪奎,王东进,陈卫东

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 151-156

摘要：

针对用多基地雷达系统跟踪近距离多高速机动目标的场合，提出了一种基于并行处理机制的跟踪算法。该算法将整个观测数据的关联过程拆分成若干个并行子关联进程，并将确定目标的跟踪过程拆分成两个并行的三维子进程，同时对距离和拟测值及多普勒速度拟测值进行迭代滤波。仿真结果表明，该算法不仅能够在杂波中快速精确地跟踪多个机动目标，而且具有很好的收敛特性和稳定性。

关键词：多基地雷达系统多目标跟踪并行处理 MSJPDA 并行扩展卡尔曼滤波

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polypropylene-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete through numerical analyses and experimental multi-target

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1228-1248 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0931-8

摘要： This study presents experimental and numerical investigations on the mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with single and hybrid micro- and macro-steel and polypropylene fibers. For this purpose, a series of cubic, cylindrical, dog-bone, and prismatic beam specimens (total fiber by volume = 1%, and 2%) were tested under compressive, tensile, and flexural loadings. A method, namely multi-target digital image correlation (MT-DIC) was used to monitor the displacement and deflection values. The obtained experimental data were subsequently used to discuss influential parameters, i.e., flexural strength, tensile strength, size effect, etc. Numerical analyses were also carried out using finite element software to account for the sensitivity of different parameters. Furthermore, nonlinear regression analyses were conducted to obtain the flexural load-deflection curves. The results showed that the MT-DIC method was capable of estimating the tensile and flexural responses as well as the location of the crack with high accuracy. In addition, the regression analyses showed excellent consistency with the experimental results, with correlation coefficients close to unity. Furthermore, size-effect modeling revealed that modified Bazant theory yielded the best estimation of the size-effect phenomenon compared to other models.

关键词： UHPC MT-DIC flexural behavior tensile behavior steel fiber polypropylene fiber

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多模型广义标签多伯努利滤波器的推导：多目标混合系统解决方案 Research Articles

吴卫华,蔡益朝,金宏斌,郑茂,冯讯,关泽文

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第22卷第1期页码 1-140 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000105

摘要：本文将传统（单目标）混合系统扩展到多目标混合系统，重点研究多机动目标跟踪系统。该系统由连续状态，离散可切换状态以及离散、时不变且唯一性状态组成。通过定义一个新的广义标签多伯努利密度，我们证明对于多目标混合系统，它在查普曼-柯尔莫哥洛夫（Chapman-Kolmogorov）预测和贝叶斯更新下是闭合的。换言之，我们严格推导了多目标混合系统的解决方案，即多模型广义标签多伯努利滤波器——该滤波器虽已被开发，但此前并未得到严格证明。

关键词：多机动目标跟踪；多模型；广义标签多伯努利滤波器；多目标混合系统

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A conceptual methodology for simultaneous optimization of water and heat with non-isothermal mixing

Yanlong Hou, Wanni Xie, Zhenya Duan, Jingtao Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 154-165 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1593-z

摘要： A new conceptual methodology is proposed to simultaneously integrate water allocation and energy networks with non-isothermal mixing. This method employs a simultaneous model and includes two design steps. In the first step, the water allocation network (WAN), which could achieve the targets of saving water and energy, is obtained by taking account the temperature factor into the design procedure. The optimized targets of both freshwater and energy are reached at this step which ensures this approach is a simultaneous one. In the second step, based on the obtained WAN, the whole water allocation and heat exchange network (WAHEN) is combined with the non-isothermal mixing to reduce the number of heat exchangers. The thus obtained WAHEN can achieve three optimization targets (minimization of water, energy and the number of heat exchangers). Furthermore, the effectivity of our method has been demonstrated by solving two literature examples.

关键词： simultaneous integration non-isothermal mixing multi-target optimization water and energy networks

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航海避碰智能系统

郝燕玲,刘宇宏,孙枫,孙尧

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第3期页码 48-53

摘要：

文章设计了一种智能型航海避碰系统，即航海智能避碰专家系统。该系统具有多元分层知识库体系结构，采用框架、产生式规则、过程及神经网络等多种知识表示形式，实现了航海避碰知识的表示、存储。建立了基于演绎推理、类比推理、换位推理、神经网络复合推理及元级推理的多路推理机制，克服单一推理的不足。分别建立了碰撞危险度、避让时机及会遇态势分类g型。提出基于层次分析法的多船会遇避让方案选取策略，建立了最优化数学模型。仿真试验表明：系统能对各种避碰情况给出正确的避让方案。

关键词：避碰专家系统神经网络模糊技术多目标优化

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Prony算法在步进频率雷达多目标检测中的建模研究

胡体玲,李兴国

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 67-71

摘要：

步进频率信号是一种以增大信号带宽为代价来提高雷达距离分辨力的宽带信号。在步进频率雷达中，将接收的基带信号看作是包含目标信息的指数函数的线性组合；而Prony 算法是用指数函数的一组线性组合来描述等间距采样数据的数学模型。将扩充的Prony算法应用到步进频率体制的雷达中，可以得到更为精确的目标信息，并且可以克服直接采用IDFT合成高分辨距离像的一些缺点。相应的建模分析和实验仿真，说明了该算法的优越性。

关键词：高分辨雷达步进频率信号扩展的Prony算法多散射中心

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基于混合驱动高斯过程学习的强机动多目标跟踪方法 Research Article

国强1,滕龙1,2,尹天祥3,郭云飞3,吴新良2,宋文明2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第11期页码 1647-1656 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2300348

摘要：现有机动目标跟踪方法在杂波环境中强机动目标的跟踪性能并不令人满意。本文提出一种混合驱动方法，利用数据驱动和基于模型算法的优点跟踪多个高机动目标。将时变恒速（CV）模型集成到在线学习的高斯过程（GP）中，提高高斯过程的预测性能。进一步与广义概率数据关联（GPDA）算法相结合，实现多目标跟踪。通过仿真实验可知，与广泛使用的机动目标跟踪算法如交互式多模型（IMM）和数据驱动的高斯过程运动跟踪器（GPMT）相比，提出的混合驱动方法具有显著的性能优势。

关键词：目标跟踪；高斯过程；数据驱动；在线学习；模型驱动；概率数据关联

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未知辐射源信号特征辅助的广义标签多伯努利滤波器 Research Article

国强1,滕龙1,2,吴新良2,宋文明2,黄大羽2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1871-1880 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200286

摘要：提出一种未知辐射源信号特征辅助的广义标签多伯努利滤波器。复杂电磁环境下，辐射源特征通常未知且随时间变化。针对辐射源特征未知的问题，提出一种基于数据场动态聚类的辐射源特征求解方法。针对辐射源特征时变以及对应的概率分布未知的问题，提出一种改进的模糊C-均值算法来计算目标和杂波量测的相关系数，以近似辐射源特征的似然函数。在此基础上，将辐射源特征集成到广义标签多伯努利滤波器中，从而获得新的递归方程。仿真结果表明，提出的方法可以提高对多目标的跟踪性能，尤其在强杂波环境中。

关键词：多目标跟踪；广义标签多伯努利；辐射源信号特征；模糊C-均值；动态聚类

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一种基于多目标模型的抗交叉眼干扰新方法 Research Articles

Zhi-yong SONG, Xing-lin SHEN, Qiang FU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第7期页码 988-1001 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800394

摘要：交叉眼干扰是一种电子攻击手段，它通过人为构造虚假目标并欺骗雷达对其进行检测和跟踪，从而导致单脉冲雷达产生角度误差。目前还没有能够有效对抗交叉眼干扰的方法。本文通过对交叉眼干扰详细的机理分析，在随机有限集框架下建立描述典型交叉眼干扰场景的多目标模型。将目标与干扰的特征差异以及交叉眼干扰的释放过程结合，提出一种基于概率假设密度多目标滤波器的抗干扰新方法。目标与干扰的特征差异以及干扰释放的过程信息可用于优化粒子的划分。将表征目标和干扰特性的粒子身份标签引入目标检测和跟踪流程，通过波束内目标数目的实时估计检测干扰的释放，通过粒子标签与估计状态之间的关联和传递实现真实目标与虚假干扰的身份辨别，从而在强干扰条件下实现对真实目标的准确跟踪。仿真结果表明，所提抗干扰方法具有很小的干扰检测延迟以及较高的目标状态估计精度。

关键词：粒子身份标签；概率假设密度；交叉眼干扰；抗干扰；随机有限集；单脉冲雷达

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Multi-UAV cooperative target tracking with bounded noise for connectivity preservation

Rui Zhou, Yu Feng, Bin Di, Jiang Zhao, Yan Hu,jzhao@buaa.edu.cn

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第10期页码 1413-1534 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900617

摘要： We investigate cooperative target tracking of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a limited communication range. This is an integration of UAV motion control, target state estimation, and network topology control. We first present the communication topology and basic notations for , and introduce the distributed . Then, convergence and boundedness of the estimation errors using the filter are analyzed, and potential functions are proposed for communication link maintenance and collision avoidance. By taking stable target tracking into account, a distributed potential function based UAV motion controller is discussed. Since only the estimation of the target state rather than the state itself is available for UAV motion control and UAV motion can also affect the accuracy of state estimation, it is clear that the UAV motion control and target state estimation are coupled. Finally, the stability and convergence properties of the coupled system under are analyzed in detail and demonstrated by simulations.

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基于区间数的多指标灰靶决策模型的研究

党耀国,刘思峰,刘斌

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第8期页码 31-35

摘要：

现实生活中遇到的许多问题都具有不确定性，使得在对系统进行决策评估时，指标值难以精确化。在此情形下，人们常常对指标值给出一个区间，到目前为止，尚未有人研究区间数灰靶决策。首先定义了区间数、m维区间数的距离及其距离性质，并证明了当区间数为实数时，区间数距离就是实数距离的推广；提出了区间数规范化方法，在此基础上, 建立了基于区间数的灰靶决策模型，从而把灰靶决策模型由实数序列拓展到区间数序列，使灰靶决策理论得到发展，同时为扩大灰靶决策的应用领域提供了理论根据。最后以实例验证了该模型的有效性与实用性。

关键词：区间数灰靶决策模型应用

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基于双层多目标分割的超高速撞击航天器损伤红外检测算法 Research Article

杨晓1,殷春1,Sara DADRAS2,雷光钰1,谭旭彤1,邱根1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第4期页码 571-586 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000695

摘要：针对超高速撞击引起的航天器损伤检测，提出一种先进的基于红外成像检测的航天器缺陷提取算法。采用高速混合模型对红外视频流采样数据中的温度变化特征进行分类，并重构图像，得到反映缺陷特征的红外重构图像。设计的分割目标函数用于保证图像分割结果对噪声去除和细节保留的有效性，同时考虑到红外重构图像的复杂性，即所需权衡不同。因此，引入多目标优化算法以实现细节保留和噪声去除之间的平衡，并采用基于分解的多目标进化算法（MOEA/D）进行优化，以保证损伤分割的准确性。实验结果验证了所提算法的有效性。

关键词：超高速撞击损伤；缺陷检测；高斯混合模型；图像分割

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一种面向地面区域检测和目标跟踪的多传感器系统协同调度方法 Research Article

张昀普,付强,单甘霖

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第24卷第2期页码 245-258 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200121

摘要：本文提出一种面向多任务协同的多传感器系统协同调度方法，并将其应用于地面区域检测和目标跟踪。调度的目的是选择最佳的传感器来完成分配的作战任务，并获得最佳作战收益。首先建立区域检测模型，并提出检测风险的计算方法以量化在调度中的检测收益。然后结合道路约束信息和多普勒盲区信息建立地面目标跟踪模型，并引入后验克拉美罗下限评估未来时刻的跟踪精度。最后，考虑检测、跟踪和能耗控制的需求建立目标函数，通过求解目标函数，得到最优的传感器调度方案。仿真结果表明，所提传感器调度方法可以选择合适的传感器完成所需作战任务，并在区域检测、目标跟踪和能耗控制方面均具有良好性能。

关键词：传感器调度；区域检测；目标跟踪；道路约束；多普勒盲区

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Atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 1-17 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7

摘要： A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions. However, a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs. Herein, the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized, defined by the novel concept of an “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.” This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors, genetic factors, and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions. The continued exploration of the physiology of the “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis” could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

关键词： thyroid-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone prolactin